Governor



Feb. 8, 1944. A KALlN 2,341,384

FIG-1 INVENTOR ALBERT KALIN BY A TORNEY Feb. 8, 1944. A. KALIN 2,341,384

GOVERNOR Filed Nov. 27, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheeil 2 INVENTOR ALBERT KANN BYJ756%4 A ORNEY Feb. 8, 1944. A. KAUN 2,341,384

GOVERNOR Filed Nov; 27, 1941 s sheets-sheet s Patented Feb. 8, 1944UNITED -S'IATEl-S '-OFFICE I G ovE-aNoR l VAlbert Kalin,cleve1and,oi1 iqApplieanon November 27, 1941, serial Noi 426,653

6 Claims.

This invention relates to governors for prime movers and moreparticularly to improvements in mechanisms for adjusting dr varying thespeed characteristics of a prime mover through the intermediary of aspeed governor mechanism.

The objects of the invention include provision of an improved means' foradjusting'a governor to control the speed droop characteristics of anengine-governor combination; and, specifically, an improved meansforwadjusting speed droop in a governor having a generally horizontalspeedregulating servo-motor. i;

A further object is to provide, inta speed governor, an improved speedsetting mechanism including a sp'eedindicating dial, which mechanism isoperable by hand and through the intermediary of a remotely controllablemotor, I

y A further object is to provide a hydraulically actuated isochronousgovernor for prime movers, said governor having secondary'compensationadjusting means, speed droop adjusting means and Speeder springadjusting means which means are all normally concealed but renderedaccessible for adjustment through a quickly detachable Speeder-casecover.

governor system having counterparts in the mechanism shown in mysPatent2,219,229 issued August 4,' 1940.

' A shafft A is showny at the lower part of Fig. 3, adapted forconnection with a drivenelement of an engine tobe governed. The shaftdrives a suitablel pump (not shown) for hydraulic uid. The pump islocated in a power case portion I of the ergoyernor and is provided witha suitable valve system, as fully shown in said patent, and delivers thehydraulic fluid to a spring loaded accumulator (Fig. 1 only) having aplunger B and discharge vent C leading to a sump portion S of the powercase. Constant pressure is thereby maintained in a duct D leading to oneface (see E, Fig. 4) of a power piston F of a speed regulatingservo-motor. Pressure applied at said face E tends to move lthe powerpiston in forward or speed decreasing direction (power oi, Fig. 1).Fluid from lthe accumulator is controlled at a port G by a lower plugelement H of a pilot valve plunger H, so that, when the pilot valve islowered Still another object is to provide a hydraulically actuatedspeed governor unit which is very compact, may be easily assembledandwhich is capable of being conveniently adjusted for changing speedetc. ,y

Other objects and features of the invention A will become apparent fromthe following description of the preferred form as shown in the drawingsin which:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective View showing the hydraulic governorsystem and part of the speed adjustment means hereof; Fig. 2 is a planview of the governor unit (shown without the Speeder case cover); Fig-'I the governor unit showing the-Speeder' casein cross section as thoughcut along the plane of the line 3-3 on Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a detailsectional view taken substantially along the line 4-4 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5is a vertical sectional view taken substantially along the line 5--5 onFig. 2, showing the motor and hand driven adjusting mechanism forvarying and indicating speed adjustment, and Fig. 6 is a detail verticalsectional view, taken as at 6 6 Fig. 3, showing the Speeder case coverlocking and releasing means. Fig. l is purposely distorted in somerespects in order to show more clearly the more essential relationshipsbetween the elements illustrated.

Referring mainly to Fig. 1, letters are principally used to indicateworking elements ofthe from the normal position in which illustrated,constant pressure passes toa duct I and thence to a face J of the powerpiston, which face is larger than face E of the piston, causing arearward (power on, Fig. 1) movement ofy the powerl piston. When thepilot valve is raised from itsv normal position an upper plug element H2of th'epilot valve releases fluid at a port K from the duct I into thesump, thereby causing the "power off regulating movement of the powerpiston. The power piston is connected in a suitable manner to thethrottle of the prime mover to be governed, as to the fuel rack in caseof governing a Diesel engine.

The pilot valve plunger H is urged upwardly by fly balls L in a suitablerotary ballhead-connected to the shaftAso asto be driven thereby--Yv'and downwardly by a coiled Speeder Spring M connected to theupper endof the pilot valve plunger. Said valve plunger H is held normally in theposition in which illustrated because the effective force of the ilyballs balances the pre-set loading of the "speeder spring. Changes inload on the engine cause upward or downward movement of the valveplunger as usual in hydraulic relay governors.

The governor functions as an isochronous governing mechanism by virtueof primary compensating force applied to the pilot valve plungerhydraulically as a function of servo-motor travellan actuating primarycompensation piston N,

compensation fluid duct O, receiving compensation piston P and spring Qconnecting the piston P'with the pilot valve plunger being provided, asin my said patent-and a secondary compensation leak-off aperture R beingprovided con- K necting the fluid duct O with the fluid sump.

Drop in load on the engine, resulting in increased speed of the ballhead, raises the pilot valve plunger, thereby initiating power offmovement of the power piston F, and, thereupon, suction is applied tofluid in the compensation fluid duct ,"causing or tending to causelowering movement o f the receiving compensation piston P, yieldablychecking the upward movement of the pilot valve plunger through thespring Q. The suction force on iiuid in the duct O is finally relievedthrough the restricted secondary compensation leak-off aperture R sothat the original steady speed is reestablished under the new load. Therate of leakage at R is adjustable by reason of a threaded needle valveelement T. The governor works in a reverse manner upon an increased loadbeing applied to the engine, as more fully explained in my said patent.

rlhe valve plunger H, spring Q and compensation piston P turn with theball head to minimize static friction. The Speeder spring Mdoes notturn.. v

VAs shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the power case I and the servo-motorcylinder-block 2 are surmounted by a Speeder case 3, all said partsbeing rigidly secured together by suitable means. A readily detachablecover 5 closes the top of the speeder case and will be more fullydescribed later herein. The various ducts and hydraulically operableelements described above, in connection with Fig.` 1, are contained inthe unit comprising the power case and servo-motor block, very much thesame as in my said patent except that the servo-motor hereof ishorizontally arranged instead of vertically. Appropriate sump spaces(such as noted at S in Fig. 1) intercommunicate freely, and the lowerspacearound the" the Speeder case, when uncovered. The Speeder I- abouta supporting removable pivot pin I1 for the gear sector. The pin I1 iscarried on spaced portions of a bracket I8 rigid with said wall 8integral therewith as shown. The gear sector I6 is shown in the positionwhich, as determined partly by the setting of the spring adjusting screwII, results in adjusting the governor and thereby the engine for normalrunning speed under normal load; and in said position the Speeder arm ishorizontal and the pivots I5 and I1 are horizontally aligned. Theadjusting means for the gear sector 'I6 will be described later.

When the governor is conditioned for isochronous operation the left handend of the speeder arm IU pivots on a fixed axis at all times; butprovision is made to elevate the left hand end of Ihe arm adjustabledistances to cause, automatically, slacking off of pressure on theSpeeder spring incident to predetermined movement in the power ondirection on part of the speed regulating servo-motor. Said operationeffects speed droop in an isochronous governor and controls or regulatesthe speed droop characteristics of the governed engine whether-or notthe governor is isochronous.

Said left han'd end of the Speeder arm has a y sliding universal jointconnectionat 20 with an arm2I of alever 22, the connection enablingshort free bodily movement of the Speeder-arm necessitated by the arcthrough which thewcrank pin I5 movesin adjusting speed to above andbelow normal running;speed.l `Said lever y22 is in the form of a bellcrankf as shown, being pivoted on a horizontal pin 23 to the Speedercase,.ancl having a depending arm 24. vThe pivot pin of the bell crankmay be carried on spaced bracket portions of the Speeder case,oneportion being the bracket I8, already referred to, and the otherportion beingpartgofthe wally 9 as shown. The sliding universali-jointconnection 20 referred to speeder arm and having a ball end occupying acase is generally rectangular in form and its four walls are designated6, 1, 8 and 9 respectively.

The speed of the engine' 1s adjusted and sen by a speeder arm I0 whichextends generally to the upper end of the spring and threadedJ into.

a cylindrical block` I2 which is loosely surrounded by an enlargedannular portion I3 of thespeeder arm. Horizontally aligned pivot boltsor pins I4 are mounted on said annular portion I3, and the relativelyadjacent ends of the-pins enter the block I2 and pivotally locate theblock centrally of the enlarged opening therefor in-said annular portionI3. Thus the speeder arm can be raised and lowered at either end toadjust the compression ofthe speeder spring but withouttendingsubstantially to flex the spring transversely thereof. spring, in apredetermined*V position of the speeder arm, can be adjusted'bymovingthe screw II vertically in the block I2.

'I'he right hand end of the Speeder arm, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3,is pivotally secured, as by a crank pin I5, to a crank in the form lof aspeed adjusting gear sector I6 mounted on the speeder case wall 8 so asto move parallel to the planes of swinging movement of the Speeder armThewinitial axial compression of the' lIFIOIZOXll'Il 13018 in theiarfm2| of the bell crank..

' The Speeder arm I0 can be removed from the Speeder case when,desiredbyreleasing and withdrawing the pivot pin I1 of the gear sectorI6,

and then-fby movement of the VSpeeder arm and gear sector assembly tothe right (Fig. 1)-withdrawingthe ball end ofthe pin 25 from thehorizontal opening in the bell-crank 22. This also enables the pilotvalve plunger H to be withdrawn from its coacting valve sleeve or guideby the Speeder ar'rn through the intermediary of the speeder spring,assuming said spring and valve plunger are connected, as fully shown linmy said patent, as preferably is the case.

For speed droop adjustment and operation, the depending arm 24 of thebell crank has a. vertical slot 26 extending through it for a portion ofits length and a block 21 riding the slot and having a horizontal pin 28projecting a short distance to the left of the depending arm 24, as bestshown in Fig. 3 (cf., Fig. l). The block 21 can be adjusted verticallyalong theslot 26 by a screw 29 which is secured for turning movementonly in upper and lower end portions of the bell crank arm 24 and whichis snugly threaded to the block 21. The upper end of the screw isreadily adapted for engagement by a suitable tool (e. g. screw driver)at the upper end of the speeder case4 when the cover 5 is removedtherefrom. A spring washer 29' at the lower end of the screw preventsthe screw from being turned by vibration from set position. Cooperatingwith the pin l28 is a lever 30 pivoted as to the Speeder case wall 9 ona fixed pin 3| and having a groove or channel 32 extending from aposition in alignment with the fixed pin 3| upwardly along the lever 30.The lower arm of the lever 30 is connected to the servo-motor powerpiston F as ata peripheral groove 33 in a trunk portion 34 of the powerpiston. As shownv in Fig. 4, the upper side of the servo-motor block 2has a recess 35 communicating the space around the trunk portion 34 ofthe power piston with the Speeder case and DTO- viding adequate workingclearance for the lower arm of the lever 30.

When thepin 26 of the block 21, on the bell crank arm 24 is in aposition in axial alignment with the xed pivot pin 3| of theservo-motoractuated.: lever 30 no vmovement will be transmittefd to thebell crank and thence to the speeder arm yIl) as a result of servo-motormovement. When theblock 21 is raised (see Fig. 1 for exemplary raisedpositio'athereof) 'the movement of the servo-motor piston'F in the powerondrec tion, acting on the p in 28 at channel 32 Iswings the bell crankin a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 4'thus raising the horizontalarm of the bell crank and slacking, off slightly on the speeder spring,thus causing the speed of the engine to droop under load. On'ret'ur'n(power. olj) movements of the servo-motor piston the' speeder spring isrestressed downwardly;A The percentage of speed droop is determined bythe distance to which the block 21 is raised along the slot in thedepending arm of the bell crank. The adjustable connecting pin 28between the levers 22 and 36 could be mounted on either of said levers;but the illustrated arrangement greatly facilitates adjustment of thepinto vary the percentage of speed droop.

The needle valve pin T which adjusts the size of the secondarycompensation leak-off aperture R is threaded at 36, for adjustment, intoa vertically extending threaded hole in the servo-motor block 2, asshown in Fig. 4. The shank or stem 31 of the needle valve pin isextended upwardly Vfor enabling ready accessibility for adjustmentthrough the top of the Speeder case.; and an adjusting knob 38 isappropriately xed to the upper end of the shank. Thus secondarycmpensation can also be readily adjusted, as by hand, when the speedercase cover 5 is removed; but the adjusting means is otherwiseinaccessible.

The stem or shank 31 of the needle valve T is supported near its upperend by a slightly compressible, preferably non-metallic, tapered bushing39 which, in turn, is mounted, for example, in the bracket I8 as a rigidupper support. A spring fill, surrounding the stem 31, acts downwardly Ispring 54 and the locking bar.

against the bushing 39 and upwardly against the adjusting knob 38 in amanner tending to prevent undesired turning movement of the adjustingscrew. It is desirable to have the secondary compensation adjustmentnormally concealed in the Speeder' case. to prevent tampering-therewith,butl also that it be rendered accessible for adjustment at such times asspeed droop and 'Speeder spring adjustments are made. The upper support(I8, 39) for the needle valve screw 4shank 31 assists greatly inpreventing the needle valve'from getting out of adjustment incidenttoengine vibration; for if the friction actuated adjustment retainingdevice (39, 40) were disposed in a position adjacent the servo-motorblock and the upper end of the shank were free from lateral support butpositioned, for ready adjustment, close to the top of the speeder case,then whipping of the shank 31 due to engine vibration would usual- Thecover locking means as shown in Figs. 3 i

and 6 comprises a knob 45 generally centrally of the cover on its topface, the knob having a circular stem 46 projecting downwardly throughand mounted for rotation in a guiding hole in the cover. Below thecircular part of the stem is a noncircular portion 41 (e. g. square)extending a short distance below the under side of the cover. Below thesquare portion the stem has a reduced screw-threaded portion 48 shown asextending in threaded engagement with a boss at the midportion of asubstantially rigid horizontal locking bar 5|). The locking bar, in theposition in which shown (see Fig. 6) has its two ends extendingdownwardly to form tongues 5| adapted to underhang inwardly extendingribs 52 on respective opposite side walls 6 and 8 of the Speeder case atthe upper inner margins of said walls. The locking bar is ofsufliciently less length than the inner width of the case so that thebar can be turned aboutl the axis of the stem 46, the ends of the barbeing rounded to clear the side walls. A stop for limiting the swingingmovement of the locking bar depends from the cover at 53. The lockingbar can be turned against the stop to a position approximately parallelwith the side wall ribs 52. v

A bowed leaf spring 54-extends across the locking bar, said springbearing upwardly at its ends on the cover and downwardly on the barintermediately of said ends. The spring has "a round hole through whichthe square portion of the stem 46 extends to hold, the spring inposition. A metal disc 55 having a square hole embracing the squareportion of the stem 46 lies between the A shoulder for preventing thethreaded portion of the stem from being turned until it is unscrewedfrom the locking bar may comprise a cotter pin 56 which, in the lockingposition of the bar, is some distance below theA underside of the bar.

The locking bar, in the cover securing position thereofV (as shown) canbe caused to bear upwardly on the vribs 52 with suicient force to holdall marginal edges of the cover tight against the upper edge surfaces ofthe Speeder case. Dowels 51 in the cover align the cover with theSpeeder case at holes provided to register with the dowels. 4

, To 'release the locking bar lassuming a point of view above the cover)one turns the knob to the left until the tongues 5| no longer clampagainst the ribs 52. Then the bar can be-turned freely to the leftagainst the stop 53 'since the spring 54 maintains .pressure on the disc55 on the square portion of the stem, and the disc frictionally drivesthe locking bar with the rotating stem 46. The cover can then be liftedoff the case.

In returning the locking bar to locking position after replacement ofthe cover, rotation of the knob tothe right. rturns/the bar to the rightuntil it engages a different 'surface Qf 'the stop v5341 whereupon it isin the locking position in which illustrated. Further turning of theknob then A draws down the cover. l

The quickly detachable cover securing mechanism above described bears animportant rela-` tion to the speeder mechanism because it provides fornormally concealing al1 the adjustments described above while renderingeach of them instantly accessi-ble for manipulation when adjustment isrequired.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1, 2 and 5, the speed setting mechanismand dial control is mainly contained in a box-like housing 60 adapted tobe secured as by screws (e. g. 6|) to the wall 8 of the Speeder case, sothat said housing depends adjacent the power case as will be obviousfrom Fig. 5. Part of the mechanism-a reduction gearing assemblyincluding the gear sector |6-is supported on the inside of the Speedercase, said gearing comprising a pinion 63 meshing with teeth I6' of thesector I6 and a gear 64 rigid with said pinion. The gear and pinion arefastened in place as on a screw 65 on the Speeder case wall 8.

The wall of the housing 60 lying remotely of the Speeder case (forconvenience: front wall) is sectional and includes a gear case member 61doweled to the housing 60 and secured in place thereon as by screws. therear wall of the housing 60 and the wall 8 of the Speeder case havealigned holes which receive a main Speeder control or adjusting shaft1|) which has an adjusting knob 1I at the front of the housing 60suitably fixed to the Shaft as by a threaded nut 8|, further referred tolater herein. An enlargement 12 on the shaft outwardly abuts the rearface of the gear case member 61 to prevent outward movement of theshaft. The inner end of the Shaft, which can be readily inserted intothe aligned holes of the rear housing wall and Speeder case wall 8, haspinion teeth 13 cut thereon and adapted to mesh with the gear 64. Acompressible ring 14, seated in a recess in the front face of theSpeeder case wall 8, tends to prevent travel of hydraulic fluid from theSpeeder case along the shaft 10.

The gear case member 61 contains a reduction gearing assembly,connectedwith the shaft 1|] for driving a dial 15 which is graduated to indicate,as against a mark (not shown) on a gear case cover panel 15a, theadjusted position of the Speeder arm |0. The dial drive gearingcomprises, as shown, a pinion 16 non-rotatably fixed to the shaft 10,mutually rigid gear and pinion members 11 and 18, suitably supported forrotation on the gear case member 61, and a gear 19 meshing with thepinion 18 and constituting a support for the dial 15. The gear 19 isjournalled for free rotation on a hub portion of the pinion 16. The dial15 is graduated to indicate complete or fractional turns of the shaftand a flange portion 8|] of the knob is marked and graduated to indicatean initial position thereof and partial turns as vagainst a zero mark onthe dial 15. The dial arrangement therefore constitutes a Verniermechanism whereby the speed setting of the governor can be veryaccurately indicated at all times.

The turned position of the knob 1| can be initially adjusted and lockedrelative to the turned position of the dial by reason of a nut 8| on athreaded end portion of the Shaft 10, which nut is arranged to force theknob and a shoulder portion 82 of the shaft 10 into clamping relation tothe hub of the pinion 16 thus, in effect, fastening said pinion to theshaft 10 for turning therewith. When the nut 8| is released fromclamping position, as by a partial turn, then the dial driving gearingand the knob are drivingly disconnected from the shaft 10.

For synchronizing a plurality of governed engines the Speeder mechanismand dial driving gearing described above is controllable from a point orpoints remotely of the governed engine by reason of an electric motor 85preferably a Synchronous induction motor. Such motors are subject tocommon control, as is well known, by suitable master adjustmentarrangements not shown. The motor 85 is mounted on the rear wall of thehousing 6|) in such position that the motor is readily accessible forinspection, lubrication, etc., through an opening 86 in the housing 60adjacent the gear case 61.v The opening 86 has adetachable cover 81.

A driven element of the motor 85 (e. g. worm gear reduction drivenshaft) carries a driving pinion 88 in constant mesh with a gear 89 onthe shaft 10. The gear 89 is adapted to be held against turning with theshaft 10 whenthe knob Said gear case member 61,

1| is manipulated to set or adjust speed, but to turn the shaft 1|)whenever the motor operates. The hub of the gear 89 and the enlargedportion 12 of the shaft have complementary friction clutch faces(conical surfaces as shown at 90) and the shaft 10 has a Spring 9|thereon and arranged to hold the clutch faces in sufficiently tightcontact So that the motor cannot be operated without turning the shaft10 and thereby adjusting the Speeder mechanism through the gearing 63,64, etc., inside the Speeder case.

It will be noted'that the dial gear case 61, knob and knob Shaft 10,together with the friction drive clutch mechanism 89, 9| of said shaftconstitute a Self contained assembly which can be mounted in place as acomplete working unit and likewise removed as a unit from operatingposition.

I claim:

1. In a hydraulic relay speed governor a power case and speed regulatingservo-motor unit, a regulating piston and a pilot valve controlling Saidpiston in said unit, means forming a Speeder case above the unit,Speeder mechanism therein including a Speeder spring connected to thepilot valve and a member adapted for changing stress in the spring tochange and Set speed, and speed droop regulating mechanism comprising alever operatively connected to said member in the.

Speeder case and having a xed fulcrum, a lever operatively connected tothe servo-motor piston and having a fixed fulcrum, one arm of each ofthe levers extending in overlapping relation to the other adjacent thelast mentioned fixed fulcrum, a connecting pin for the overlapping armportions carried by one of said arms and movable along both said arms,said pin preventing relative swinging movement of respective connectedportions of the arms, and adjusting means for the connecting pin on thepin carrying arm and extending along the latter arm to a' positionadjacent the fixed fulcrum of the latter arm.

2. In .a hydraulic relay speed governor, speed responsive meanscomprising an upright pilot valve, ball-head and Speederl spring, ahousing including a Speeder case portion containing said spring, aservo-motor in said housing below the Speeder case portion andcontrolled by the pilot valve, a bell crank mounted for swingingmovement in the Speeder case on a fixed horizontal axis and having agenerally horizontally extending arm operatively connected with theSpeeder spring, a depending arm on the bell crank, a lever connectedwith the servo-motor and supported on a fixed horizontal pivot, saidlever having an arm extending upwardly adjacent and generally parallelto the depending arm of the bell crank, a pin mounted on one of saidadjacent arms for movement therealong from a point substantially alignedwith said xed pivot to a position remote therefrom, and means foradjusting the pin along l the arm on which the pin is mounted.`

3. In a hydraulic relay speed governor, speed responsive meanscomprising an upright pilot valve, ball-head and speeder spring,.ahousing including a speeder case portion containing said spring, aservo-motor in said housing below the speeder case portion andcontrolled by the pilot valve, a bell crank mounted for swingingmovement in the speeder case on a fixed horizontal axis and having agenerally horizontally extending arm operatively connected withthespeeder spring, a depending arm on the bell crank, a, pin movable alongthe depending arm and extending laterally of said arm, adjusting meanscarried by the depending arm and accessible for adjustment `at a pointabove the bell crank for adjusting the pin along said depending arm, alever' connected with the servo-motor and supported on a iixed pivotadjacent the pin, and meanson the lever extending transversely of thexed pivot thereof for operative engagement with the pin in any adjustedposition of the latter along said depending arm of the bell crank. I

4. In a: normally isochronous hydraulic relay governor, a pilot valveand servo-motor unit"a speeder case surmounting the unit, a speederspring connected to the pilot valve and means in the speeder case foradjusting the spring, said spring adjusting means including a speeddroop effecting mechanism connected with the servomotor for actuationthereby to change the stress of the speeder spring, adjusting means forthe speed droop eiecting mechanism, and secondary compensation adjustingmeans for the hydraulic relay, both of said adjusting means being acces-5. In an isochronous hydraulic relay speed governor, a power case andspeed regulating servo-motor unit, a speeder case surmounting the unit,a pilot valve in the power case and speed responsive means in thespeeder case controlling-the valve to cause operation of the servomotor,a hydraulic compensation-system in said unit connecting the pilot valvevand servo-motor and including a primary compensation fluid duct, asecondary compensation leak-0H valve port associated with the duct and ascrew-threaded adjusting valve pin in said port and supported by saidunit, said pin extending upwardly into the speeder case to a point nearthe top of the speeder oase for enabling manipulation to eiect secondarycompensation adjustment, and substantially rigid meansin an upperportion of the speeder oase supporting the upper end portion of the pinagainst vibration.

6. In an isochronous hydraulic relay governor,

a power case and servo-motor block unit, a pilot valve and a servo-motorpiston in the unit, means forming a speeder case above the unit, speedermechanism therein operatively connected to the pilot valve, a hydrauliccompensation fluid system in said unit including a uid duct compensatingly connecting the servo-motor with th...

pilot valve, a secondaryv compensation leak-oli port associated with theduct, and an adjusting valve pin carried by said unit and adaptedvariably to restrict the leak-off port, said pin extending upwardly intothe speeder case, substantially lathe same against vibration.

rigid means in an upper region of the speeder case, said last namedmeans closely embracing an upper portion of the pin in a manner tosteady ALBERT KALIN.

